Posts com a Tag ‘University of Illinois Press (E)’
Reversed Gaze: An African Ethnography of American Anthropology | Mwenda Ntarangwi
Quão diferente é a vida do antropólogo “em casa”, se comparada à compartilhada por ele nas etnografias e memórias de campo? Como estudantes de antropologia navegam pelos desafios da etnografia durante o treinamento que precede a ida ao campo? Como os antropólogos interagem nas reuniões anuais de trabalho? Seriam eles tão alienados e hostis com relação às suas culturas ocidentais que compensam pela idealização de outras culturas? Essas são algumas das questões que animam o queniano Mwenda Ntarangwi – Professor Associado de Antropologia na Calvin College, EUA – em sua jornada ao “coração da antropologia”.
Em Reversed Gaze: an African Ethnography of American Anthropology o enfoque é dirigido às subjetividades de antropólogas e antropólogos, bem como suas práticas nos departamentos de antropologia, encontros profissionais, salas de aula e na escrita etnográfica, em uma tentativa de etnografar a prática antropológica “em casa”. Essa abordagem é justificada como forma de revelar o “outro lado” da antropologia, usualmente invisível nos artigos científicos, etnografias e memórias de campo. É nesse sentido que Ntarangwi propõe uma “reversão do olhar”, utilizando as ferramentas da antropologia para, do ponto de vista de um africano treinado nos EUA, realizar uma análise da antropologia e da cultura ocidental. Leia Mais
Women´s political activism in Palestine: peacebuilding, resistance and survival | Sophie Richter-Devroe
O livro em foco é intitulado Women’s political activism in Palestine: peacebuilding, resistance and survival, em tradução livre, Ativismo político de mulheres na Palestina: construção de paz, resistência e sobrevivência, publicado em 2018 pela University of Illinois Press, nos Estados Unidos. O livro foi escrito por Sophie Richter-Devroe, publicação oriunda de sua pesquisa de doutorado, finalizada no ano de 2010 na Universidade de Exeter, na Inglaterra, na área de Política do Oriente Médio. Richter-Devroe atualmente é professora associada do Programa Mulher, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento, do Instituto de Humanidades e Ciências Sociais da Universidade Hamad Bin Khalifa, no Qatar. Dentre suas áreas de interesse estão recortes que envolvem debates sobre as mulheres, os gêneros e a política no Oriente Médio, além de questões acerca da migração, do refúgio e da história oral.
Durante as últimas décadas, a população palestina tem lidado com as dificuldades da ocupação israelense. E, diante de um singular e complexo conflito travado desde a criação do Estado de Israel, em 1948, as mulheres têm feito política de maneiras diversas para sobreviver e resistir aos problemas diários e estruturais enfrentados na Palestina. Sophie Richter-Devroe investiga as maneiras informais de se produzir ativismo político, ou seja, as ações que se dão no cotidiano e não se encontram necessariamente institucionalizadas. Ao problematizar a capacidade da agenda liberal internacional de lidar com o duradouro problema palestino, Richter-Devroe direciona seu olhar para as pessoas que vivem em diferentes espaços do território palestino, analisando como as mulheres trabalham e atuam com organizações e ações internas, localizadas e mais pessoalizadas. Leia Mais
Health Equity in Brazil: Intersections of Gender/Race/and Policy | Kia Lilly Caldwell
No livro Health Equity in Brazil: Intersections of Gender, Race, and Policy (Equidade em saúde no Brasil: intersecções de gênero, raça, e política Pública), Kia Caldwell, professora da Universidade da Carolina do Norte, procura analisar como fatores estruturais e institucionais contribuíram e continuam a contribuir para a precarização da saúde de milhares de mulheres e homens negros. Caldwell chama a atenção para o insucesso do Brasil em desenvolver políticas que resolvam as questões de saúde que impactam desproporcionalmente a população negra até o início do século XXI. Ela enfatiza, ainda, o fato de o país não apresentar longa tradição de pesquisas ou de políticas em saúde focadas nas desigualdades raciais ou étnicas. Discorre, por um lado, sobre os esforços do Brasil no que se refere ao enfrentamento da epidemia de HIV/AIDS, e, por outro, sobre os desafios para assegurar equidade em saúde para a população afrodescendente. No que se refere à questão da garantia de saúde de qualidade para seus cidadãos, em particular para negras e negros, Caldwell examina o fato de o país ter sido bem-sucedido em certos desafios, mas ter falhado em confrontar outros. Leia Mais
Shared Traditions: Southern History and Folk Culture – JOYNER (CSS)
JOYNER, Charles. Shared Traditions: Southern History and Folk Culture. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999. 361p. Resenha de: SEIXAS, Peter. Canadian Social Studies, v.35, n.3, 2001.
When we think about the major political fault lines in Canada, we tend to think in terms of regions. The recent election was one more example of ideologically defined parties whose strengths and weaknesses divide along stark regional lines. The greatest challenge to national unity in the twentieth century has been Quebec separatism, while resentments in both the Maritimes and the West have been endemic. When we examine the United States in the 20th century, however, racial divisions, and not regional schisms, appear to be the most significant threat to the success of the national project. Since mid-century, moreover, after years of northward migration of the descendents of enslaved African Americans, the problem of race relations is no longer plausibly conceived-if it ever was-as an exclusively Southern regional issue.
Charles Joyner’s collection of essays, most of them previously published, offers at least two challenges to this picture of the American socio-political map. First, he claims that the South continues to be a distinct region, socially and culturally. Secondly, he argues that the apparent racial divisions in the South mask shared traditions which are the product of centuries of interplay among folk traditions which originated in Celtic, west African, Native, and other cultures. Thus, Joyner speaks without hesitation or apology of the essential character of Southerners (p. 150). Region provides a central organizing framework for the otherwise widely disparate essays in the volume.
A second theme helps to unite his chapters: the interplay between folklore study and the discipline of history. Joyner himself, as both a folklorist and a historian, straddles the two fields. Folklore study had its origins in the collection of folk tales, legends, ballads, dances and crafts, and in the study of such products as dialects, vernacular architecture, folk religion, food and labour (p. 152). From these beginnings, it branched into a quest for theoretical foundations and several of Joyner’s essays help the uninitiated (like myself) understand the development of the field. It has been consistent in its concern with the lives and culture of non-elites. It has been less so in paying attention to the larger social and political contexts within which folkways were embedded or in serious study of cultures changing over time. This is where history comes in. Pursuing his study of the South over the course of a lifetime, Joyner promises that two disciplines offer more than either one alone could deliver.
Shared Traditions is organized into five sections. After an introduction that sets the theme of Southern unity in diversity, the first section examines slavery in the old South. While these chapters make an interesting read, they have long been superseded by the work of Jacqueline Jones, Leon Litwack, Eric Foner, and Herbert Gutman (among many others) who do not even get footnotes. Three review essays on David Potter, David Hackett Fischer and Henry Glassie comprise the second section. A third section is a disparate collection of essays on the New South, examining Jews, music, dulcimers, and a local civil rights campaign. The fourth section theorizes folklore study and history. The final section, a single chapter, is a plea for cultural conservation on the Sea Islands, where luxury resort development has largely displaced a vibrant and successful black folk culture.
Will Canadian social studies teachers and educators be interested in this volume? I do not think that any Canadian curriculum is geared in a way that this volume will be of import for its substantive detail on the American South. Nor is the volume an economical way to catch up on recent historiography of the region. Nor, when it comes to exploring the pedagogical possibilities of folklore research, does it offer anything close to what the Foxfire books did in the 1970s. There is, however, a contribution here, on the methodological and theoretical issues surrounding the interplay of capitalist globalization and regional folk cultures. These are key historical forces that touch the lives of our students and their families, whether Canadian-born or newly immigrated. I suspect, though, that hard-pressed teachers will be able to find more economical sources to enrich their approaches to these issues.
Peter Seixas – Canada Research Chair in Education. University of British Columbia.
[IF]Wild West Shows – REDDIN (CSS)
REDDIN, Paul. Wild West Shows. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999. 314p. Resenha de: GILLIS, Michael J. Canadian Social Studies, v.35, n.1, 2000.
In this book Paul Reddin examines the evolution of Wild West Shows over a one hundred-year period. The author reviews four different shows beginning with George Catlin’s Wild West show in the 1830s and ending with Tom Mix’s movie career in the 1930s.
The first Wild West show was organized in the 1830s by George Catlin, the world-renowned painter of the Plains Indians. Catlin’s show set the model for all of the following shows by using authentic clothing and objects while recreating life on the Great Plains on a vast scale. The show’s entourage included hundreds of colorfully costumed Indians on horseback and a herd of buffalo. Action scenes included Indian ceremonial dances, a buffalo hunt, warfare, scalping and remarkable feats of horsemanship. Catlin’s purpose in putting together his Wild West show was twofold. First, it was a terrific opportunity for him to make money. Second, and more importantly, he hoped to “rally support for the Great Plains and the Indians and animals who lived there.” Catlin regarded the Plains Indians as noble savages who were victims of Euro-American expansion. His show, whether it was presented to the cheering crowds of New York City or London, was designed to educate the public on the plight of the Indians and “their noble natures and do them justice.”
Fifty years later, Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show, unlike Catlin’s, glorified the frontiersmen rather than the Indians. Cody’s shows depicted the courageous and virtuous Americans withstanding repeated Indian attacks until finally the Americans were the clear winners of the west. Indians were portrayed as savages and obstacles to progress. The rattle of gunfire, galloping horses and elaborately staged Indian battles marked Buffalo Bill’s show. Cody often starred in the shows, arriving in just the nick of time to save stagecoaches, settlers and wagon trains from annihilation by ‘bloodthirsty’ Indians. His shows included all manner of horsemanship including racing, roping and riding, and eventually incorporated rodeo-style acts which became the centerpiece of the show. It was Cody, perhaps more than anyone else, who helped popularize the notion of the cowboy. The audiences loved the image of the gun-slinging desperados who rode horses and settled arguments with six-shooters. Like Catlin, Cody brought his show to Europe where crowds cheered the rustic westerners. Even the Pope was swept up in the enthusiasm and offered a papal blessing to mud-splattered cowboys and Indians in full war paint.
In the early 19th Century the Miller brothers, owners of the 101 Ranch in the Oklahoma Territory, formed their own wild west show. Unlike the others, this one was not a traveling road show. Instead, people came to the 101 Ranch to see the show. The Miller’s sought to recreate, on their vast ranch, a working replica of what they perceived to be the American West. The 101 Ranch employed hundreds of cowboys and a thousand Indians. Their acts included horsemanship, men and women in marksmanship competitions, buffalo hunts, Indian camp life, Indian attacks on a wagon train, and rodeo events. Unlike Catlin’s show where the Indians were the heroes, or Cody’s show where the cowboy was king, the Millers sought to elevate the ranch owners as the real founders and heroes of the American West.
The last of the four shows discussed by Reddin starred Tom Mix. Mix bridged the gap between live Wild West shows and silent movies. Employed by the 101 Ranch for a time, the athletic and hard-working Mix became the first true motion picture hero to adopt the cowboy persona. Mix’s show celebrated the victory of white America over the Plains Indians but in a muted fashion. World War I had left America and most of the world in a cynical mood and sick of bloodshed. His shows reflected this attitude by eliminating much of the violence long associated with Wild West shows.
Overall, this is a valuable book on several levels. It offers a succinct review of four Wild West shows by providing insight into important historical figures such as William Cody, Geronimo and Sitting Bull. In addition, it presents a valuable interpretation of how changes in American popular culture were reflected in the Wild West Shows. For teachers and students this book is a wonderful departure point for research and discussion on popular culture and the American West.
Michael J. Gillis – California State University, Chico. Chico, California.
[IF]Uncertain Refuge: Italy and the Jews During the Holocaust – CARACCIOLO (CSS)
CARACCIOLO, Nicola. Uncertain Refuge: Italy and the Jews During the Holocaust. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995. 176p. Resenha de: TOTTEN, Samuel. Canadian Social Studies, v.35, n.1, 2000.
Uncertain Refuge is a fascinating book. Comprised of a series of interviews conducted by Italian journalist Nicola Caracciolo of more than sixty Italian Jewish survivors and some of their rescuers, this book explores the complex and unique way the state of Italy and the Italian people reacted to Nazi pressure to ostracize, isolate, and expel Jews to Nazi-dominated territories. The interviewees talk about how Jews were harassed, denounced, terrorized and, in some cases, saved. The cumulative effect of the interviews provide a telling picture as to why and how in Italy, an ally of Germany, 42,000 of the 50,000 Jews survived the Nazis’ efforts to murder them.
The annotation of the interviews constitutes a particular strength. Such annotations are helpful in assisting readers to gain a clearer and more in-depth understanding of certain personages, events, situations, and organizations. While the book also includes an appendix, “Historical Personnel, Organizations, and Places”, in which the annotations are located, an introduction to each interview establishing the historical context vis-à-vis the information contained therein would have been helpful.
In places Caracciolo has the unfortunate habit of interrupting the interviewees in mid-sentence. Over and above that, he often neglects to bring the interviewee back to the point of interruption, thus losing key information. At times, he also tends to ask two questions at once, and then neglects to answer both. In some instances, he also neglects to ask follow-up questions, thus leaving the reader wondering about certain issues.
All-in-all, though, this is an informative and interesting book on a significant topic. For those teachers who are intent on ‘complicating’ the study of history for their students, this book is a must. It will avail students of the important point that not all countries or people reacted in the same way to the Holocaust; and that, in fact, various circumstances, perspectives and belief systems dictated how governments and individuals acted under varying conditions.
Samuel Totten – University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
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