Posts com a Tag ‘Geografia do Canadá’
Making Connections: Canada’s Geography – CLARK; WALLACE (CSS)
CLARK, Bruce W.; WALLACE, John K. Making Connections: Canada’s Geography. Prentice Hall: Toronto, Ontario, 1999. 506p. Resenha de: ROBERTSON, Virginia. Canadian Social Studies, v.39, n.2, p., 2005.
The sheer size and diversity found within this country make writing a national geography a formidable task. However, Clark and Wallace have done an admirable job of producing such a volume. Making Connections: Canada’s Geography is successful in its aim of leading students to discover our country’s geography. It provides a comprehensive study of Canada’s complex and interrelated geographic elements. The main theme is making connections and this is what students who use this book will do. The reader is encouraged to take responsibility for her/his learning and to make connections between elements of the physical environment, between the human environment and the physical environment, and between elements of the human environment. The book is rich in content and skills and offers students a wide range of knowledge and techniques to effectively understand the geography of Canada and the role it plays in the global community.
Designed primarily for grade nine students and to fulfill the requirements of the Ontario curriculum for Canadian Geography, the authors compiled a very practical and user-friendly textbook. Although there is an emphasis on the geography of Ontario, this textbook is an appropriate and effective tool to learn the country’s geography and to develop geographical skills, regardless of what province or country one inhabits. From beginning to end, this book invites and challenges students to think. Not only is the book visually appealing but it treats the inquiring students as young adults who possess intelligence and sophistication in their learning. At the beginning of the book there is an introduction which provides a clear statement of the knowledge and skills that will be acquired, followed by a section which explains how to effectively use the textbook to achieve this goal. The central core is structured into seven major units, each representing a significant theme. There are a total of thirty-six chapters, unevenly distributed among the units; the number varies according to the extent and complexity of the concepts being presented. The final section of the volume contains a valuable glossary that provides excellent definitions for all the bold face terms presented in the text.
The main body of the book is organized around seven units; one unit is devoted exclusively to geographical skill development while the other six provide content and learning activities pertaining to geographical topics that are both familiar and engaging to the adolescent mind. Although there are a varying number of chapters per unit, each chapter is structured somewhat the same. Each begins by presenting the concepts and learning expectations and lists the key terms that are integrated into that particular chapter. To clarify and establish the connections between the different geographical realms, some chapters provide case studies which serve to illuminate these interrelationships.
Throughout the text there is a wide range of learning opportunities presented by the variety of exercises and activities aimed at the whole spectrum of learning styles and intellectual abilities. These assignments help the students better understand and review the facts, concepts and connections while developing critical thinking, problem solving and communication skills. There is ample opportunity to develop such geography-specific skills as cartography, statistical analysis and graphing techniques. Suggestions of ways and means of developing technological skills are another important aspect of each chapter. GIS activities and Internet addresses are provided and the use of computers to research relevant topics and to produce graphic and written responses to challenging and complex questions is encouraged.
This book moves logically and smoothly from one unit to another while demonstrating the interconnectedness between them. The students are drawn into the learning process from the first unit which introduces them to significant and unique facts regarding our country. Students are encouraged to discover Canada’s position physically, economically, politically and demographically in the world. Using graphics, statistics and surveys Canada is compared to various other countries, thus providing an opportunity to examine Canada from many different angles and perspectives. The second unit is aimed specifically at exploring and developing essential skills that are required for geographical analysis. This unit is an excellent reference tool for the students as they progress through the book. The third unit focuses on Canada’s physical geography. Geological regions, landform regions, climate regions, vegetation zones and soil zones are portrayed independently with all the interconnecting factors responsible for their formation and they are portrayed collectively by demonstrating the interaction between them. These interrelationships are effectively and clearly explained through the appropriate and clever use of a vast array of graphics. Unit four is primarily concerned with concepts and principles pertaining to Canada’s demographic situation. The changing demographic scene highlights Canada’s multicultural heritage. Dynamism in Canada’s population is further demonstrated via the study of population growth and movement, changing settlement patterns and land uses, and urbanization. The fifth unit emphasizes the diversity and complexity of economic activities in Canada. The students easily discover that Canada’s economy is closely tied to its physical and demographic situations. Categories of industries, industrial location, resource management, transportation and communication are explored in all of their complexity and diversity. The main focus is on the exploration of the connections between the physical environment, demographic patterns and economic development. Unit six examines Canada’s role on the world stage. It shows Canada’s cultural, political, economical and environmental links with the global community and presents the major international organizations with which Canada is involved. Much of the unit focuses on Canada’s relationship with our most important trade partner, the United States. The final unit called Future Connections is largely concerned with the possible challenges that Canada will face in the future and takes a problem solving approach to these concerns. Environmental issues such as global warming, water resources and alternate energy sources are explored. The concept of ecological footprint is demonstrated and the environmental impact that Canadians have on the world is examined.
Making Connections: Canada’s Geography provides the curious adolescent with a high level of geographical study and analysis within the framework of a familiar environment. Although the reluctant and challenged learner may have difficulty with the vocabulary and concepts presented, the average and advanced learner will be stimulated into becoming a more responsible and independent learner. The colorful graphics enhance the learning and appeal to the whole spectrum of intelligences found in the typical grade nine classroom. The book has tremendous potential as a valuable resource or reference book in any senior high school library. Although it is a valuable teaching tool, it does have several weaknesses that prevent it from universal acceptance as a national geography textbook. First, one of its strengths as a resource book becomes a weakness as a textbook. There is such a vast amount of information and a large number of skills and suggested activities presented, that some teachers, and many students, might feel overwhelmed by the size and extent of the textbook. Secondly, the emphasis on Ontario’s geography, and limited reference to other provinces, could pose a problem for geography students outside Ontario. They may not have a familiar point of reference on which to hang new learning. Thirdly, the high reading level and advanced vocabulary would also be a challenge for students who experience language acquisition difficulties or who speak English as a second language. However, an alert and experienced teacher could easily compensate for these inadequacies and adapt the book to any level of learner in today’s multifaceted classroom.
In general, this book offers high school students an intelligent and insightful look at Canada’s geography. Opportunities to apply and develop geographical skills and life skills are found in abundance throughout the text. Although broad in scope, the authors clearly communicate the importance of the interconnectedness between human activity and the natural environment in Canada’s ecozones and highlight Canada’s relationship and unique position in the global community. They encourage students to think, explore and develop their own understandings; this supports the modern socio-constructivist approach to learning. In short, the book prepares students with the skills, knowledge and understandings that are necessary to meet the new realities of the 21st century.
Virginia Robertson – Lower Canada College. Montreal, Quebec.
[IF]Canada: the culture – KALMAN (CSS)
KALMAN, Bobbie. Canada: the culture. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2002. 32p. KALMAN, Bobbie. Canada: the land. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2002. 32p. KALMAN, Bobbie. Canada: the people. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2002. 32p. Resenha de: BRADLEY, Jon G. Canadian Social Studies, v.37, n.2, 2003.
The Land, Peoples and Culture Series consists of a colourful collection of volumes aimed directly at what might be termed the elementary/young adolescent coffee-table/library market. Published by Crabtree, and slightly oversized at 21 cm by 28 cm, the glossy coloured pages and hardbound volumes are visually appealing as well as physically durable.
Twenty-two countries are currently represented in the series and the selection of the specific countries deserves a comment. The two unique continents of Antarctica and Australia are not represented at all. At first glance, this is a surprising omission. However, as the criteria appears to be a three-volume set for each country (a single volume for each interconnected theme of the land, the people, and the culture) one can perhaps understand these omissions. Nonetheless, while Antarctica certainly does not have a culture or human inhabitants within the parameters of the series framework, the omission of Australia does offer a moment’s pause. The selection of representative countries for the remaining five continents is quite diverse and certainly does provide for a wide and varied selection. Africa is represented by Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa; Asia by China, India, Japan, Tibet, The Philippines and Vietnam; Europe is heavily favoured with France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Spain and Russia; North America’s sole representative is Canada; while Argentina, El Salvador, Mexico and Peru showcase South and Central America. In total, then, Crabtree has undertaken a somewhat ambitious project by producing sixty-six high quality books!
Neatly packaged within a common physical arrangement, the books are bright and colourful, and clearly would appeal to both a non-reading and early reading clientele. With some deviations, most pages are evenly split between short snippets of written text and visuals. While the majority of the visuals are coloured photographs of people and/or geographic locations and scenes, there is a smattering of art reproductions as well as the odd black and white rendition. The books appear to follow a set, if somewhat monotonous, pattern of a two page (or even multiples) spread for each topic or item within the theme. Canada: the people, for example, has the following chapter titles: ‘Faces of Canada’, ‘The first people’ (4 pages), ‘History and heritage’ (4 pages), ‘From around the world’, ‘Canadian families’, ‘City life’, ‘Country life’, ‘School’, ‘Haley’s skating lesson’, ‘Canadian cuisine’, ‘Sports and leisure’, and ‘Canada’s future’.
As there is no introduction or letter to parents or other such directional statement, the reader has to sort of guess the target audience envisioned by the publisher. There are no activities to do, no follow-up or research questions, no referenced web sites, and no bibliography of additional readings. The volumes are self-contained and inclusive and, interestingly, do not even direct the reader to the other books within the three volume subset of the same country.
From a readability point of view, the vocabulary seems straightforward with short and direct sentences. There is a small and select glossary at the back of each book along with a brief index. Certain key words are sometimes highlighted within the text and each visual has its own captioned notation.
As my maiden aunt used to muse, I am torn betwixt and between. I really, really like some aspects of the series (glossy paper, strong colour, short narratives) and, at the same time, I quite strongly detest other features (overly simplistic, tendency towards characterization). My personal dilemma is to attempt to take a reasonable professional stance and to offer an informed educational opinion.
While there is much that is positive within the series, there are comments as well as omissions that cause one to pause. In Canada: the people, for example, the description of elementary education (p. 22) is clearly of an Ontario model that is not applicable to the rest of the country and, furthermore, why is such a big fuss made of children wearing a school uniform? Additionally, while the story of Haley and her figure skating lesson (pp. 24-25) has much to recommend it as a blended family story, the picture accompanying the story does not reflect the facts as described. In Canada: the culture, no mention is made of either Pierre Berton or Farley Mowat as children’s authors although Margaret Atwood (pp. 16-19) gets prime billing for The Handmaid’s Tale. I am not at all sure of the relevance of a black and white photograph of Mary Pickford or a coloured picture of a very young Jim Carrey (pp. 20-21) as being of any interest to anyone. Canada: the land refers to Nova Scotia as Scenic, Quebec as Unique, Ontario as Bustling and British Columbia as Beautiful. I am a tad surprised that the other provinces were unworthy of a snappy qualifier. Is Montreal still the second largest French-speaking city in the world? Notwithstanding that choices are always difficult, the ‘Canadian places’ four page spread could have been far more creative and representative than brief descriptions of Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Historic Quebec City, Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, and Dawson City along with a full-page view of the Chateau Frontenac overlooking the St. Lawrence River.
On balance and in the interests of reaching a decision (no sitting on the proverbial Canadian fence, eh?), I guess that I should not be too critical and more positively side with the opinion that something in print is better than nothing at all. After all, the books are very, very colourful and do attempt to do what some might well view as impossible in the first place; that is, describe this country historically, culturally, and geographically in less than 100 pages! Notwithstanding my own reservations and even though Kalman may only be able to present a somewhat simplistic view of this broad and complex society, I feel that these books would do well in a community children’s library, the junior section of a school library, and perhaps even be appropriate for children’s anniversary gifts if for no other reason than the wonderful visuals and pictures.
Jon G. Bradley – Faculty of Education. McGill University. Montreal, Quebec.
[IF]All About Canadian Geographical Regions – McDERMOTT; McKEOWN (CSS)
McDERMOTT, Barb; McKEOWN, Gail. All About Canadian Geographical Regions. Edmonton: Reidmore Books, 1999. 28p. Resenha de: DARLING, Linda Farr. Canadian Social Studies, v.37, n.1, 2002.
I’m always delighted to find engaging and informative nonfiction books for primary students. Children who are just beginning to read independently appreciate (and need) a wide variety of literature to explore. The All About Series was designed to give new readers a nonfiction reference series they can read, and to develop an awareness of what Canada is, and what it means to be Canadian. The first goal is fairly straightforward and not too hard to reach. The second is more complex and demanding, if only because there are so many different senses of what it means to be Canadian. Nevertheless, these seven paperbacks on Canada’s six geographical regions (and one overview on all of Canada) are sensibly organized, full of basic but generally important (and accurate) facts, along with unusually well-reproduced photographs and illustrations.
Each booklet (they range from 29-49 pages) is made to look like a series of postcards. On each page a color photograph or illustration is paired with descriptive text about the region. The booklets include geologic history and natural features, climate, flora and fauna, people and resource-based occupations, and more. Yes, this is a lot to cover, and that’s both the strength and a possible weakness of the set I saw. The sheer breadth and diversity of this country is truly amazing, and at times these small booklets strain at the seams to contain it. There is a detailed glossary and an index at the back of each book to offer helpful pointers, but young readers will still need the guidance of teachers and parents to make sense of the wealth of facts. Taken together, the books make a small encyclopedia on Canada’s regions.
The postcard theme could have been used to even better advantage as a focus for some of the information, which in its present form may simply be overwhelming for some young readers. Perhaps a young traveler could have been created to visit the six regions and write about what she noticed in particular. Or a resident of each region could speak about the place he calls home. Or, the authors could have scaled back their use of specialized vocabulary. Even with the excellent definitions presented at the back, there is quite a bit of new vocabulary in each booklet. This will challenge many, and frustrate some. But these are relatively small worries. In fact, just before reviewing the series, I was browsing in a local children’s bookstore and recognized their distinctive covers on a wall display. Two seven or eight year-old girls were flipping through The Cordillera and exclaiming about places that looked familiar, and a few that just looked awesome. Surely that’s the kind of endorsement the authors are looking for from their audience. Barb McDermott and Gail McKeown have given primary teachers of social studies a rare treat: a visually appealing, nicely produced, and above all, accurate geographical resource for curious learners.
Linda Farr Darling – Faculty of Education. University of British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C.
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